Module 38 - I262

I262: Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) ITS Standards for Project Managers

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Slide 1:

(Extended Text Description: Welcome - Graphic image of introductory slide. A large dark blue rectangle with a wide, light grid pattern at the top half and bands of dark and lighter blue bands below. There is a white square ITS logo box with words "Standards ITS Training" in green and blue on the middle left side. The word "Welcome" in white is to the right of the logo. Under the logo box is the logo for the U.S. Department of Transpotation, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology.)

 

Slide 2:

(Extended Text Description: This slide, entitled "Welcome" has a photo of Ken Leonard, Director, ITS Joint Program Office, on the left hand side, with his email address, Ken.Leonard@dot.gov. A screen capture snapshot of the home webpage is found on the right hand side - for illustration only - from August 2014. Below this image is a link to the current website: www.pcb.its.dot.gov - this screen capture snapshot shows an example from the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Development - Intelligent Transportation Systems Joint Program Office - ITS Professional Capacity Building Program/Advanced ITS Education. Below the main site banner, it shows the main navigation menu with the following items: About, ITS Training, Knowledge Exchange, Technology Transfer, ITS in Academics, and Media Library. Below the main navigation menu, the page shows various content of the website, including a graphic image of professionals seated in a room during a training program. A text overlay has the text Welcome to ITS Professional Capacity Building. Additional content on the page includes a box entitled What's New and a section labeled Free Training. Again, this image serves for illustration only. The current website link is: http://www.pcb.its.dot.gov.)

 

Slide 3:

 

Slide 4:

I262:

Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) ITS Standards for Project Managers

 

Slide 5:

Instructor

Patrick Chan, P.E.

Senior Technical Staff

Consensus Systems Technologies

Flushing, NY, U.S.A.

 

Slide 6:

Acknowledgements

James Misener Director, Technical Standards Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. San Diego, CA, USA

Thomas Kurihara TKstds Management

Arlington, VA, USA

 

Slide 7:

Target Audience

•  Public sector managers of surface transportation systems and agencies
  • Understand and prepare for a connected vehicle environment, when it will happen and how it can address their transportation needs
•  Procurement officials for surface transportation agencies
  • Understand how the standards can help design an implementation to address their transportation needs
•  Decision makers
  • Understand the impacts of a V2V environment on the transportation system and how they do business
•  Private and public sector users including automobile industry
  • Understand how they may benefit from a V2V environment

 

Slide 8:

Recommended Prerequisite

• I101: Using ITS Standards: An Overview

 

Slide 9:

(Extended Text Description: Curriculum Path: A graphical illustration indicating the sequence of training modules that lead up to and follow each course. Each modules is represented by a box with the name of the module in it and an arrow showing the logical flow of the modules and the current module highlighted. This slide focuses on the modules that lead up to the current course. On the left is a light blue box with text stating "I101 Using ITS Standards: An Overview." There is a straight light blue arrow coming out of the right side of the first box to the next box, which is a purple box with the text "I262 Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) ITS Standards for Project Managers.")

 

Slide 10:

Learning Objectives

1. Describe the connected vehicle environment
2. Discuss the V2V environment
3. Describe the roles of the standards in a connected vehicle environment
4. Identify and address high-level technical and institutional challenges to deploying a V2V environment
5. Describe the current status of the connected vehicle environment

 

Slide 11:

Learning Objective #1:

Describe the Connected Vehicle Environment

• Identify the connected vehicle environment
• Define dedicated short range communications (DSRC)
• List the benefits of a V2V connected vehicle environment

 

Slide 12:

Learning Objective #1

Identify the Connected Vehicle Environment

Transportation Challenges in the United States

(Extended Text Description: The slide entitled "Identify the Connected Vehicle Environment, with the subtitle, "Transportation Challenges in the United States" contains a graphic. The top row contains a gray box entitled "Safety" and stating "33,561 highway deaths in 2012," "5,165,000 crashes in 2012," and "leading cause of death for ages 4, 11-27." To the right of the gray box is a picture of a motor vehicle collision. The second row contains an orange circular icon showing a roadway with an upward facing arrow. To the right of the icon is a blue box entitled "Mobility" and stating "5.5 billion hours of travel delay," and "$121 billion cost of urban congestion." To the right of the blue box is a picture of a multilane freeway with traffic congestion in both directions. The third line contains a green circular icon with the recycling symbol, and two thirds of a car. To the right of the icon is a green box entitled "Environment," and stating "2.9 billion gallons of wasted fuel," and "54 billion lbs. of additional CO2." To the right of the green box is a picture of a single line of cars, with heavy exhaust seen coming from each vehicle. At the bottom left corner of the slide is the text, "Source: US Department of Transportation".)

Source: U.S. Department of Transportation

 

Slide 13:

Learning Objective #1

Identify the Connected Vehicle Environment

Vehicles

• Have safety devices and sensors
• Are a navigation device
• Are a multimedia center

In addition, millions of people carry mobile devices today that have Global Positioning System (GPS) and can access data...

(Extended Text Description: The slide entitled "Identify the Connected Vehicle Environment, with the subtitle, "Vehicles". The slide has a three graphics on the right side. On top, there is a graphic showing a GPS satellite. In the middle is a graphic showing a gray sports utility vehicle. On the bottom is a graphic showing a smartphone.)

 

Slide 14:

Learning Objective #1

Identify the Connected Vehicle Environment

What if....

• Vehicles shared their sensor data with other vehicles and the roadway
• Vehicles shared their current position with other vehicles and the roadway
• Vehicles can receive data from the roadway that can reduce the likelihood of incidents
• Vehicles can receive data from the roadway to improve mobility (e.g., reduce delays)

(Extended Text Description: The slide entitled "Identify the Connected Vehicle Environment, with the subtitle, "What If…". The slide has a graphic on the bottom right, which shows a male driver driving a vehicle with a female passenger.)

 

Slide 15:

Learning Objective #1

Identify the Connected Vehicle Environment

(Extended Text Description: The slide fully consists of a graphic of a connected vehicle environment. On the top is a parking garage, next to a four lane highway (two lanes in each direction). Next to the highway is a commuter rail, with a train at a station. Various vehicles are seen, each with a ring of three concentric circles around them, indicating each vehicle is broadcasting information. Additionally, a line connects a wireless radio on the side of the highway and several vehicles, including the train and a transit bus, to indicate wireless communications between the roadway infrastructure and the vehicles. A text box points to the parking garage and states "Example Infrastructure Data: Signal Phase and Timing, Driving 35 mph, 50 Parking Spaces Available." A text box points to one of the vehicles and states " Example Vehicle Data: Latitude, Longitude, Speed, Brake Status, Turn Signal Status, Vehicle Length, Vehicle Width, Bumper Height." At the bottom left corner is the text, "Source: US Department of Transportation".)

 

Slide 16:

Learning Objective #1

Identify the Connected Vehicle Environment

What is the connected vehicle environment?

• A research program to explore how transportation connectivity can enable applications that provide safety, mobility and environmental benefits
• Transportation connectivity consists of
  • Vehicles wirelessly sending information about itself to other vehicles (vehicle-to-vehicle)
  • Vehicles wirelessly exchanging information with the infrastructure (vehicle-to-infrastructure)
  • Vehicles, infrastructure and other mobile devices wirelessly maintaining real-time connectivity
• Connected Vehicle Reference Implementation Architecture (CVRIA). http://iteris.com/cvria/

 

Slide 17:

Learning Objective #1

Identify the Connected Vehicle Environment

NHTSA ANPRM

• August 2014, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) released an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANRPM) and a supporting research report
  • Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 150, to require vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications capability for light vehicles and to create minimum performance requirements for V2V devices and messages
  • V2V and V2I systems could potentially address 81% of all vehicle crash types
• Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) by 2016

 

Slide 18:

Learning Objective #1

Identify the Connected Vehicle Environment

In addition to safety, the connected vehicle environment:

• Can address mobility challenges - Address non-recurring congestion through V2V and V2I communications, including reducing crashes
• Can address environmental challenges - Increased fuel efficiency and reduced recurring congestion
• Can lead to a new class of vehicles - connected and possibly autonomous
  • May impact engineering analysis and design
• V2V will open the gates for V2X: V2I, V2P

Source: US Department of Transportation

 

Slide 19:

Learning Objective #1

Identify the Connected Vehicle Environment

This module focuses on the vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) aspects!

• Module I261 focuses on the vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) aspects
• Introduces the standards (existing and under development) that will enable the V2V connectivity
• Allows project managers to begin planning how we manage and operate our transportation infrastructure to realize the benefits from V2V connectivity

(Extended Text Description: The slide contains a photograph on the bottom right corner of four individuals dressed in business attire having a conversation while seated at a restaurant table. Other guests at the restaurant can be seen sitting in the background.)

 

Slide 20:

Learning Objective #1

Define Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC)

FCC Definition

• The use of non-voice radio techniques to transfer data over short distances between roadside and mobile radio units, between mobile units, and between portable and mobile units to perform operations related to the improvement of traffic flow, traffic safety and other intelligent transportation service applications in a variety of public and commercial environments. DSRC systems may also transmit status and instructional messages related to the units involved.
  • Note: An ASTM standard is incorporated into the FCC Rule

Source: Federal Communications Commission, Dedicated Short Range Communications of Intelligent Transportation Services - Final Rule, FR Doc No: 99-30591

 

Slide 21:

Learning Objective #1

Define Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC)

Frequencies

Frequencies vary in the U.S., Japan, and Europe

In the United States, only the 5.9 GHz band is being considered for V2V safety communications

• Original FCC spectrum allocation in 1999
• 75MHz of spectrum range in the 5.9 GHz band
• (7) 10MHz Channels (provides the necessary bandwidth)
  • Channel 178 is the control channel
  • Channel 172 service channel for safety data
  • Channel 184 service channel for high powered public safety eligible

 

Slide 22:

Learning Objective #1

Define Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC)

Advantages

• Low latency
  • Information can be transmitted at a high rate
  • Critical for V2V safety applications
  • Data can be transmitted 10 times per second
• Short to medium range (< 300 meters reliably)
  • Advantage - only interested in messages from nearby vehicles
  • Higher power permitted for emergency response vehicles (range can be 1 km)
• No subscription necessary

 

Slide 23:

Learning Objective #1

List the Benefits of a V2V Connected Vehicle Environment

Safety Benefits

• Increase situational awareness
  • A vehicle can alert other vehicles about roadway conditions -provides information a driver cannot see yet
  • 360-degree "visibility"
• Significantly reduce the number and severity of crashes
  • Driver advisories
  • Driver warnings
  • Vehicle control

 

Slide 24:

Learning Objective #1

List the Benefits of a V2V Connected Vehicle Environment

Mobility and Environmental Benefits

• Mobility Benefits
  • Reduced collisions
  • Minimizing time with blocked roadways
  • Optimized speed suggestions
• Environmental Benefits
  • Mobility benefits will result in less congestion, reducing emissions

 

Slide 25:

 

Slide 26:

Learning Objective #1

Which of the following is NOT a primary benefit in the connected vehicle environment according to USDOT?

Answer Choices

1. Safety
2. Mobility
3. Environment
4. Entertainment experience

 

Slide 27:

Learning Objective #1

Review of Answers

a) Safety
Incorrect. The USDOT has identified that safety is the primary benefit for the connected vehicle environment.

b) Mobility
Incorrect. Mobility has also been identified as a primary benefit for connected vehicles.

c) Environmental
Incorrect. Environmental has also been identified as a primary benefit for connected vehicles.

d) Entertainment experience
Correct! The entertainment experience is not a primary benefit according to USDOT.

 

Slide 28:

Summary of Learning Objective #1

Describe the Connected Vehicle Environment

• Identify what is a connected vehicle environment
• Define dedicated short-range communications (DSRC)
• List the benefits of a V2V connected vehicle environment

 

Slide 29:

Learning Objective #2: Discuss the V2V Environment

• List the components of a V2V environment
• Identify V2V applications
• Describe the information that needs to be exchanged between the components to support V2V applications

 

Slide 30:

Learning Objective #2

List the Components of a V2V Environment

The V2V environment consists of vehicles with on-board equipment (OBE). An OBE:

• Broadcasts a set of data, such as vehicle location, speed and direction of travel; AND/OR
• Receives the set of data from other vehicles

(Extended Text Description: The slide contains a graphic, depicting a signalized intersection, between a two lane highway, and a 6 lane divided highway. Many vehicles are shown traveling through the intersection, with each vehicle containing a ring of three concentric yellow circles to indicate each vehicle is broadcasting information.)

 

Slide 31:

Learning Objective #2

List the Components of a V2V Environment

(Extended Text Description: The slide fully consists of a graphic that shows the in-vehicle portion of a vehicle-to-vehicle architecture. A flow chart is superimposed on the outline of a gray vehicle. At the top of the car reads "In-vehicle components." At the rear of the vehicle is a green shaded box, with text at the bottom that says "This in-vehicle equipment can consist either of a single integrated unit or a discrete set of components." There are four white text boxes within the green box. The upper left text box is entitled "Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) radio," with the text "Receives and transmits data through antennae." The upper right box is entitled "GPS receiver" with the bullets, "provides vehicle and time to DSRC radio" and "Provides timekeeping signal for applications." The bottom left box is entitled "Memory" and reads "Stores security certificates, application data, and other information." The lower right box is entitled "Safety application electronic control unit" and reads "Runs safety applications." There are two additional text boxes to the right of the green box. The upper text box is entitled "Driver-vehicle interface" and reads "Generates warning issued to driver." The lower text box is entitled "Vehicle’s internal communications network" and reads "Existing network interconnect components." There are arrows between the following text boxes: "GPS receiver" to "Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) radio," "GPS receiver" to "Safety application electronic control unit," "Safety application electronic control unit" to and from "Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) radio," "Safety application electronic unit" to and from "Memory," "Safety application electronic control unit" to and from "Vehicle’s internal communications network," and "Safety application electronic control unit" to "Driver-vehicle interface." Further, a combined arrow flows from "Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) radio" and "GPS receiver" to an image of a transmitting antenna at the top of the vehicle that reads "GPS, DSRC antennae." Above the outline of the vehicle is a horizontal blue area encompassing the vehicle entitled "Security System" and reads "Provides and verifies V2V security certificates to ensure trust between vehicles." At the bottom left corner is the text, "Source: Collision Avoidance Metrics Partnership and GAO".)

Source: Crash Avoidance Metrics Partnership and GAO

 

Slide 32:

Learning Objective #2

List the Components of a V2V Environment

• On-Board Units (OBUs) - Represents the DSRC radio alone
• Integrated Safety Devices (ISDs) - Installed by the manufacturer, these devices integrate directly with the vehicle's computers, which can provide additional information
• Aftermarket Safety Devices (ASDs) - A portable unit with a driver interface, broadcasting basic safety information and receiving safety information from other vehicles
• Retrofit Safety Devices (RSDs) - A non-factory installed unit connected directly to a vehicle's data bus
• Vehicle Awareness Devices (VADs) - Only broadcasts basic safety information. Cannot receive information from other devices

Source: US Department of Transportation

 

Slide 33:

Learning Objective #2

V2V Applications

Application

• A piece of software that processes inputs for a specific use or purpose.
• Could be burned on a chip
• It is through applications that we obtain the benefits of a V2V environment

The next several slides identify the most cited applications identified by USDOT for V2V

• Not all V2V applications are identified
• Most applications will use its own (device) sensor readings in addition to inputs from other vehicles

 

Slide 34:

Learning Objective #2

V2V Applications

V2V Safety Applications

(Extended Text Description: This slide contains a graphic that shows a top down view of a three lane roadway, with two lanes moving left to right, and one lane moving right to left. This is an animated slide. First, the text "Do Not Pass Warning" appears above the roadway. Next, a vehicle is traveling from left to right in the leftmost lane appears, followed by a vehicle traveling in the opposite direction, from right to left in a single lane, with another vehicle following behind, wishing to pass the first vehicle. Each vehicle has three concentric circles around it, indicating the vehicle is broadcasting information. An arrow indicates the direction of travel for each lane. Second, the text "Lane Change Warning + Blind Spot Warning" appears below the roadway on the left. Next a vehicle traveling from left to right appears in the right lane, slightly ahead of the first vehicle that is in the left lane, so that the first vehicle is in the new vehicle's blind spot. Again, this new vehicle has three concentric circles around it, indicating the vehicle is broadcasting information. Third, the text "Forward Collision Warning" appears below the roadway on the right. Next, two vehicles traveling left to right appears in the right lane, one behind the other. Both vehicle has three concentric circles around it, indicating both vehicles are broadcasting information. Fourth, the text "Emergency Electronic Brake Light" appears below the roadway in the middle. A third vehicle appears in the right lane behind the two vehicles associated with the Forward Collision Warning application. The vehicle has three concentric circles around it, indicating the vehicle is broadcasting information.)

Source: Connected Vehicle Reference Implementation Architecture (CVRIA)

 

Slide 35:

Learning Objective #2

V2V Applications V2V Safety Applications

(Extended Text Description: The slide contains a graphic that shows a top down view of an intersection. Each approach to the intersection has two lanes in each direction. This is an animated slide. First, the text "Intersection Movement Assist" appears at the left bottom corner of the intersection. A vehicle appears traversing the intersection from left to right in the right lane is warned of a vehicle also traversing the intersection from bottom to top. Each vehicle has three concentric circles around it, indicating both vehicles are broadcasting information. Next, the text "Left Turn Assist" appears in the upper right corner of the intersection. A vehicle appears making a left turn from the left lane, moving left to right, is warned of a vehicle also traversing the intersection from right to left. Each vehicle has three concentric circles around it, indicating both vehicles are broadcasting information.)

Source: Connected Vehicle Reference Implementation Architecture (CVRIA)

 

Slide 36:

Learning Objective #2

V2V Applications

V2V Safety Applications (cont.)

• Emergency Vehicle Alert (EVA)
  • Warns driver about nearby public safety vehicles responding to an incident
• Vehicle Emergency Response (VER)
  • Provides public safety vehicles with information from connected vehicles involved in a crash
• Transit Vehicle at Station/Stop Warnings
  • Warns driver about transit vehicles that may be pulling into or out of a transit station or stop
• Vehicle Turning Right in Front of a Transit Vehicle (VTRFTV)
  • Warns the transit vehicle driver of a nearby vehicle pulling in front of the transit vehicle to make a right turn

Source: CVRIA

 

Slide 37:

Learning Objective #2

V2V Applications

V2V Mobility Applications

Each of these applications has a V2V component and a V2I component.

• Advanced Automatic Crash Notification Relay (AACNR)
  • Enables a vehicle to automatically transmit an emergency message when the vehicle is disabled. Also enables another connected vehicle to relay the emergency message to a public safety vehicle. Also a V2I application
• Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC)
  • Advises driver of a recommended cruise speed based on information from other connected vehicles within a platoon
• Queue Warning (Q-WARN)
  • Advises drivers of an impending queue

Source: CVRIA

 

Slide 38:

Learning Objective #2

V2V Applications

V2V Environmental Applications

• Connected Eco-Driving
  • Advises driver to adjust their driving behavior to save fuel and reduce emissions
• Eco-Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (Eco-CACC)
  • Advises driver of a recommended cruise speed based on information from other connected vehicles within a platoon and eco-driving strategies. Also incorporates other information to determine the most environmentally efficient speed

Source: CVRIA

 

Slide 39:

Learning Objective #2

(Extended Text Description: At the top of this slide is an icon depicting a folder with a magnifying glass to its right. To the right of this icon is text describing a scenario. The text is "Lauren is driving home with her son after a day at school. She is stopped at a red light. When the light turns green, she is about to move through the intersection when she is warned of a vehicle crossing the path in front of her. She quickly brakes to avoid a T-bone crash." Below the text is a graphic depicting the dashboard of a vehicle that is approaching a signalized intersection. At the center of the dashboard, is an electronic display screen with the message "Stop! Vehicle Approaching." A larger version of this message covers the area of the left sided steering wheel, and extends outside of the graphic. To the right is a photograph of a standing female, covering the right side of the main graphic.)

 

Slide 40:

Learning Objective #2

Describe the Information That Needs to be Exchanged between the Components to Support V2V Applications

For this scenario, what data is needed for this application to work?

• Location (latitude, longitude, elevation) from the other vehicle
• Speed from the other vehicle
• Direction of travel from the other vehicle
• Acceleration rate from the other vehicle
• Brake status from the other vehicle
• Length and width from the other vehicle
• Steering wheel angle from the other vehicle

 

Slide 41:

 

Slide 42:

Learning Objective #2

Which of the following is NOT a component of the V2V environment?

Answer Choices

1. Vehicle powertrain
2. Safety application electronic control unit
3. GNSS (GPS) receiver
4. Memory for security certificates or application data

 

Slide 43:

Learning Objective #2

Review of Answers

a) Vehicle powertrain
Correct! While the vehicle powertrain is a component of the vehicle, it is not a component of the V2V environment.

b) Safety application electronic control unit
Incorrect. The electronic control unit includes the processor that runs the safety applications.

c) GNSS (GPS) receiver
Incorrect. The GNSS receiver provides the vehicle position and time for the vehicle.

d) Memory for security certificates or application data
Incorrect. The memory is needed to store security certificates and application data.

 

Slide 44:

Summary of Learning Objective #2

Discuss the V2V Environment

• List the components of a V2V environment
• Identify V2V applications
• Describe the information that needs to be exchanged between the components to support V2V applications

 

Slide 45:

Learning Objective #3:

Describe the Roles of the Standards in a Connected Vehicle Environment

• Summarize the benefits of standards
• Identify the ITS standards to support communications between the components
• Identify the information and performance requirements that are supported by the ITS standards
• Identify the hardware specifications supported by USDOT

 

Slide 46:

Learning Objective #3

Summarize the Benefits of Standards

Standards are Essential!

• Supports interoperability to maximize potential benefits
  • Interoperability - The ability of two or more systems or components to exchange information and use the information that has been exchanged¹
  • E.g., AM/FM radio broadcasts
• Makes testing easier
• Helps with the design and procurement of a system

¹IEEE Std. 610.12-1990: IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology

 

Slide 47:

Learning Objective #3

Summarize the Benefits of Standards

General Communications Requirements

(Extended Text Description: This slide contains multiple graphics. At the upper left is a graphic depicting a red sports car. At the lower right is a graphic depicting a gray Sports Utility Vehicle. In the center is a graphic depicting a yellow lightning bolt to indicate communications between the two vehicles. There is text around the graphics. At the center, next to the sports car, the text reads: How do we trust each other? Authentication. The text on the left reads: How do we communicate? Wireless on the same frequency, What language are we using? Agree on the grammar and dictionary, How many people are talking in the room? Talk louder or softer or change rooms or channels. The text on the right reads: How do we trust each other? Authentication.)

 

Slide 48:

Learning Objective #3

Identify the ITS Standards to Support Communications between the Components

Communications Standards

• Transmission Standards
  • ASTM 2213-03
  • IEEE 802.11-2012
  • IEEE 1609 Family
• Interface Standard
  • SAE J2945 Family
• Data Standard
  • SAE J2735

(Extended Text Description: The slide contains a graphic on the right. The graphic contains four squares, each within a larger square. The first square is light blue and has text that reads "SAE J2735, APTA TCIP, GTFS, SIRI." The second square surrounds the first square with text above the first square that reads "SAE J2945 Family." The third square is a slightly darker shade of light blue, encompasses the second square and has text above the second square that reads "IEEE 1609 Family." The fourth square encompasses the third square is a medium shade of blue and has text above the third square that reads "IEEE 802.11-2012.")

 

Slide 49:

Learning Objective #3

Identify the ITS Standards to Support Communications between the Components

ASTM 2213-03

Standard Specification for Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Roadside and Vehicle Systems — 5 GHz Band Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications

• Describes a MAC and PHY specification for wireless connectivity using DSRC services
  • PHY: the radio chips and the intervening environment in-between
  • MAC: the message protocols that allows applications to 'connect' to the PHY
• Basis for IEEE 802.11p amendment

 

Slide 50:

Learning Objective #3

Identify the ITS Standards to Support Communications between the Components

IEEE 802.11-2012

IEEE Standard for Information Technology - Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Systems Local and Metropolitan Area Network-Specific Requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications

• Provides wireless connectivity among fixed, portable, and moving stations (STAs) within a local area
• Supports wireless connectivity in vehicular environments
• Specifies channel bandwidths, operating classes, transmit power classification, transmission masks, and alternate channel requirements in the 5.9 GHz spectrum
• IEEE 802.11p amendment is included in IEEE 802.11-2012

 

Slide 51:

Learning Objective #3

Identify the ITS Standards to Support Communications between the Components

IEEE 1609.x Family

IEEE 1609.0™-2013, Architecture (Guide)

• Describes the architecture and operation of a Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) system based on IEEE 1609 standards and IEEE Std 802.11-2012
• Enables the development of interoperable low-latency, low overhead WAVE devices that can provide communications in support of transportation safety, efficiency and sustainability, and that can enhance user comfort and convenience

 

Slide 52:

Learning Objective #3

Identify the ITS Standards to Support Communications between the Components

IEEE 1609.x Family (cont.)

IEEE Std 1609.2™-2013, Security Services for Applications and Management Messages

• Specifies security processing requirements and message sets for secure WAVE radio system operation
• Specifies communications security for WAVE Service Advertisements and WAVE Short Messages and additional security services that may be provided to higher layers

 

Slide 53:

Learning Objective #3

Identify the ITS Standards to Support Communications between the Components

IEEE 1609.x Family (cont.)

IEEE Std 1609.3™-2010, Networking Services

• Specifies networking services required for operation of a WAVE system that employs standard IPv6 protocol, introduces a WAVE Short Message Protocol (WSMP), and provides a collection of management functions supporting WAVE services

 

Slide 54:

Learning Objective #3

Identify the ITS Standards to Support Communications between the Components

IEEE 1609.x Family (cont.)

IEEE Std 1609.4™-2010, Multi-Channel Operation

• Specifies extensions to IEEE Std 802.11-2012 MAC layer for multichannel operations, i.e., operating alternately on the control channel and one of several service channels
• Includes the following features:
  • Channel timing and switching
  • MAC-layer readdressing in support of pseudonymity

 

Slide 55:

Learning Objective #3

Identify the ITS Standards to Support Communications between the Components

IEEE 1609.x Family (cont.)

IEEE Std 1609.11™-2010, Over-the-air Electronic Payment Data Exchange Protocol for ITS

• Application-level IEEE 1609 standard, communication technology independent, specifies a payment over-the-air protocol referencing ISO standards

IEEE P1609.12™, WAVE - Provider Service Identifier Allocation(PSID)

• Specifies allocations of WAVE identifiers defined in the IEEE 1609^TM series of standards
• Records the Provider Service Identifier (PSID) allocation decisions made by the IEEE 1609 working group, and other identifiers used by the WAVE standards

 

Slide 56:

Learning Objective #3

Identify the Information and Performance Requirements that are Supported by the ITS Standards

SAE J2735

Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) Message Set Dictionary

• Defines messages and data elements

Basic Safety Message (BSM)

• Primary message set for V2V communications
• Part I contains data elements that are necessary for safety applications and are expected to be broadcasted frequently
• Part II data elements are broadcasted less frequently as needed or as requested

 

Slide 57:

Learning Objective #3

Identify the Information and Performance Requirements that are Supported by the ITS Standards

SAE J2735

BSM Part I includes:

• Location (longitude, latitude, elevation) - where it is
• Positional Accuracy - how accurate is the position
• Speed - the rate at which the vehicle is moving
• Transmission - the status of the transmission gears
• Heading - the direction the vehicle is facing
• Steering Wheel Angle - the rate for change of direction
• Acceleration - the rate the vehicle speed is changing
• Brake System Status - if brakes are being applied
• Vehicle Size - for collision calculations

 

Slide 58:

Learning Objective #3

Identify the Information and Performance Requirements that are Supported by the ITS Standards

SAE J2735

BSM Part I also includes:

• Message Count - counter to track sequence of messages
• Temporary ID - a transient identifier for the vehicle to track its movement and status
• Time - when the message was broadcasted

 

Slide 59:

Learning Objective #3

Identify the Information and Performance Requirements that are Supported by the ITS Standards

SAE J2735

BSM Part II:

• Part II data elements are broadcasted as needed or as requested
• Below are some examples of Part II data elements:
• Event Flags - indicates an unusual event has occurred. Includes hazard lights, anti-lock brake system activated, traction control system activated, stability control activated, hard braking, stop line violation, external lights changed, wipers changed, flat tire, vehicle disabled, air bag deployment
  • Also indicates if the vehicle is an emergency vehicle on a service call, or a vehicle placarded for and carrying hazardous materials

 

Slide 60:

Learning Objective #3

Identify the Information and Performance Requirements that are Supported by the ITS Standards

SAE J2735

BSM Part II:

• Path History - representation of the actual path history of the vehicle
• Path Prediction - predicted vehicle path trajectory
• Exterior Lights - status of lights for environmental purposes or to determine the driver's intent
• Brake Pressure - pressure on the brakes applied by the driver
• Vehicle weight and height (including trailer weight)
• Vehicle Bus (J1939) - information from a vehicle bus
• Vehicle Identification - includes a VIN number and vehicle type

 

Slide 61:

Learning Objective #3

Identify the Information and Performance Requirements that are Supported by the ITS Standards

SAE J2735

BSM Part II:

• Wipers - rate of wipes
• Environmental Data
  • Air temperature
  • Sun sensor
  • Air pressure
  • Rain sensor
  • Coefficient of Friction
• Obstacles - based on vehicle sensors or sudden vehicle movements to avoid a potential obstacle

 

Slide 62:

Learning Objective #3

Identify the Information and Performance Requirements that are Supported by the ITS Standards

SAE J2735

Other V2V Messages

• Common Safety Request (CSR) - A request from a vehicle to nearby vehicles for additional information for safety applications it is running
• Emergency Vehicle Alert (EVA) - Broadcasted warning message that a public safety vehicle is operating in the vicinity

 

Slide 63:

Learning Objective #3

Identify the Information and Performance Requirements that are Supported by the ITS Standards

SAE J2735

Other Messages

• MAP Data (MAP)
• Signal Phase and Timing (SPaT)
• Probe Messages
• Signal Request (SRM) / Signal Status Message (SSM)
• Traveler Information Message (TIM)
• Roadside Alert (RSA)
• National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) Corrections
• Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM) Corrections

 

Slide 64:

Learning Objective #3

Identify the Information and Performance Requirements that are Supported by the ITS Standards

SAE J2945 Family

• Currently titled Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) Minimum Performance Requirements
• Defines the operational and performance requirements for specific applications
  • What, when and how often a message is sent (minimum, typical, maximum)
  • Minimum quality requirements
• Each standard (J2945/n) may contain a Concept of Operations, requirements, information level dialog definitions, and the design content in the form of messages and data elements (defined in SAE J2735) for a specific set of applications

 

Slide 65:

Learning Objective #3

Identify the Information and Performance Requirements that are Supported by the ITS Standards

SAE J2945 Family

• J2945/0 will define common requirements for DSRC
  • Includes systems engineering content (Concept of Operations, requirements, message exchanges, and message content)
• J2945/1 will define the minimum performance requirements for V2V safety applications
  • Standards Compliance (IEEE, SAE, FCC)
  • BSM Transmission
  • Security and Privacy
• J2945/2 will define other requirements for V2V safety
  • Includes systems engineering content (Concept of Operations, requirements, message exchanges, and message content)
• Work in Progress (Target: end of 2015)

 

Slide 66:

Learning Objective #3

Identify the Information and Performance Requirements that are Supported by the ITS Standards

SAE J3067

Candidate Improvements to Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) Message Set Dictionary [SAE J2735] Using Systems Engineering Methods

• An informational report with systems engineering content
• Includes a concept of operations (user needs), requirements content (including performance content), and design content
• Includes traceability matrices between user needs, requirements and design
• To be used as a template for developing SAE J2945 family and the next revision of SAE J2735

 

Slide 67:

Learning Objective #3

Identify the Information and Performance Requirements that are Supported by the ITS Standards

General Communications Requirements

(Extended Text Description: This slide contains the same graphics as page #47. At the upper left is a graphic depicting a red sports car. At the lower right is a graphic depicting a gray Sports Utility Vehicle. In the center is a graphic depicting a yellow lightning bolt to indicate communications between the two vehicles. There is text around the graphics. The text on the left reads: How do we communicate?
IEEE 802.11, IEEE 1609.3, What language are we using? SAE J2735, SAE J2945, How many people are talking in the room? IEEE 1609.4. The text on the right reads: How do we trust each other?
IEEE 1609.2 enables it.)

 

Slide 68:

Learning Objective #3

Identify the Hardware Specifications

Supported by USDOT

Research Qualified Products List

Hardware specifications being used in the Southeast Michigan Test Bed

• Each specification is based on the standards
• 5.9 GHz DSRC Vehicle Awareness Device Specification v3.8
  • http://www.its.dot.gov/testbed/PDF/Vehicle_Awareness_Device_Specification-r3-8%2020140322.pdf
• 5.9 GHz DSRC Aftermarket Safety Device Specification v3.1
  • http://www.its.dot.gov/testbed/PDF/ASD_Device_Design_Specification_3_1%2020140322.pdf

 

Slide 69:

Learning Objective #3

Identify the Hardware Specifications

Supported by USDOT

Compliance Testing Program / Certification

• Certification process
  • Goal: verify and validate off-the-shelf interoperability of devices
• Certification Services were developed for testing programs to certify the Vehicle Awareness Device (VAD) for USDOT's Safety Pilot
• Testing programs were developed for the Aftermarket SafetyDevice (ASD)

 

Slide 70:

 

Slide 71:

Learning Objective #3

Which is NOT a benefit of using ITS Standards?

Answer Choices

1. Supports interoperability
2. Eliminates institutional issues
3. Makes testing easier
4. Makes procurements easier

 

Slide 72:

Learning Objective #3

Review of Answers

a) Supports interoperability
Incorrect. Interoperability is a key benefit of standards.

b) Eliminates institutional issues
Correct! Standards alone cannot eliminate institutional issues.

c) Makes testing easier
Incorrect. Standards can make testing easier.

d) Makes procurements easier
Incorrect. Standards can help with the design and procurement of a system.

 

Slide 73:

Learning Objective #3

Which of the following is a data standard?

Answer Choices

1. IEEE 802.11-2012
2. IEEE 1609.x Family of Standards
3. SAE J2735
4. USDOT FHWA Vehicle Awareness Device Specification

 

Slide 74:

Learning Objective #3

Review of Answers

a) IEEE 802.11-2012
Incorrect. IEEE 802.11 is a communications and transmission standard.

b) IEEE 1609.x Family of Standards
Incorrect. IEEE 1609.x Family of Standards are communications and transmission standards.

c) SAE J2735
Correct! SAE J2735 is a data standard that describe both messages sets and the data dictionary used by the message sets.

d) USDOT FHWA Vehicle Awareness Device Specification
Incorrect. USDOT FHWA DSRC RSU Specifications Document v4.0 is a specification.

 

Slide 75:

Summary of Learning Objective #3

Describe the roles of standards in a Connected Vehicle Environment

• Summarize the benefits of standards
• Identify the ITS standards to support communications between the components
• Identify the information and performance requirements that are supported by the ITS standards
• Identify the hardware specifications supported by USDOT

 

Slide 76:

Learning Objective #4: Identify and Address High-Level Technical and Institutional Challenges to Deploying a V2V Environment

• Describe technical challenges to deploying V2V
• Describe institutional challenges to deploying V2V
• Describe how transportation systems support the V2V environment

 

Slide 77:

Learning Objective #4

Describe Technical Challenges To Deploying V2V

NHTSA ANPRM

• The August 2014 ANPRM included a supporting research report
  • SAE and IEEE standards need refinement with improved security, inclusion of minimum performance requirements and associated improvements in message protocols
  • V2V applications show substantial ability to mitigate crashes, injuries or fatalities
  • NHTSA has the legal authority to mandate V2V devices in new light vehicles and require installation in commercial vehicles
  • Additional research areas include V2V device certification, test procedures and performance requirements

 

Slide 78:

Learning Objective #4

Describe Technical Challenges To Deploying

V2V

Standards are Still Evolving

• Align with NHTSA regulatory decision on V2V deployment and research needs
  • Guidance provided to SDOs to have stable, approved and published standards by September 2015
• Updates to standards based on prototypes and field tests
  • For example, there is a "wish list" for Part II data elements from stakeholders
• Harmonization of protocols and standards with each other and international efforts

 

Slide 79:

Learning Objective #4

Describe Technical Challenges To Deploying V2V

Standards Implementation

• Basic Safety Message Part II is optional
  • Event flags, path history and path prediction are proposed to be mandatory for V2V safety
• Channel congestion on radio systems
• Currently very few guidance documents on deploying these standards

 

Slide 80:

Learning Objective #4

Describe Technical Challenges To Deploying V2V

Implementation Issues

• Two vehicles need to be equipped to gain benefits
  • One vehicle must broadcast and another vehicle must receive at the same time
• Managing the environment and the challenges during the "roll out"
  • Few vehicles will be "fully" equipped
  • Managing the entire range of capabilities - different vehicles have different devices and different capabilities
• Near-field tracking is possible

 

Slide 81:

Learning Objective #4

Describe Technical Challenges To Deploying V2V

Testing and Certification

• Define testing program and certification
  • Conformance testing (to standards)
  • Compliance testing (with regulations or legal requirements)
  • Dependent on the implementation's requirements and applications
• Degree of maturity of current standards for certification testing (self-testing, third-party testing, establishing accredited laboratories for device testing and certification)

 

Slide 82:

Learning Objective #4

Describe Technical Challenges To Deploying V2V

Regulatory Issues

• Requirement for coexistence if band sharing with unlicensed users is required by FCC (75 MHz allocation in 5.9 GHz band for safety applications in vehicular environments)
  • December 17, 2003 FCC Report and Order - safety applications have primary status over non-safety applications

 

Slide 83:

Learning Objective #4

Describe Institutional Challenges To Deploying V2V

Privacy

• Privacy between users and 3rd parties
• Can't track a vehicle to its source and destination without appropriate authorization (e.g., electronic payments)
• IEEE 1609.3 describes the use of changing MAC address at random intervals
• SAE J2945 standards address this by assigning and changing an identifier on a frequent basis

 

Slide 84:

Learning Objective #4

Describe Institutional Challenges To Deploying V2V

Security

• Exchange of trusted and authenticated data between users and applications
• Message validity
• Designing a security certificate management system
  • Based on IEEE 1609.2, which defines how to use, revoke and refresh certificates

 

Slide 85:

Learning Objective #4

Describe how Transportation Systems Support the V2V Environment

Support the Security Credential Management System

• Infrastructure needed to support renewing security credentials/certificates
  • Security credentials/certificates on vehicles need to be updated on a periodic basis
  • Create, manage, store, distribute and revoke security certificates that accompany and validate each BSM
• Infrastructure consists of:
  • Certificate authority to issue and verify certificates
  • Registration authority to verify a certificate authority
  • A certificate distribution and management system which includes the communications system

 

Slide 86:

 

Slide 87:

Learning Objective #4

What is a current challenge to deploying connected vehicles?

Answer Choices

1. Security
2. Privacy
3. Evolving standards
4. All of the above

 

Slide 88:

Learning Objective #4

Review of Answers

a) Security
Incorrect. The exchange of trusted, authenticated, and valid data is a current challenge to the connected vehicle environment.

b) Privacy
Incorrect. The protection of the identity of the driver and the vehicle is a current change to the connected vehicle environment.

c) Evolving standards
Incorrect. The evolving standards is a current challenge to implementing and testing the connected vehicle environment.

d) All of the above
Correct! Security, privacy and evolving standards are all current challenges to the connected vehicle environment.

 

Slide 89:

Summary of Learning Objective #4

Identify and Address Technical and Institutional Challenges to Deploying a V2V Environment

• Describe technical challenges to deploying V2V
• Describe institutional challenges to deploying V2V
• Describe how transportation systems support the V2V environment

 

Slide 90:

Learning Objective #5: Describe the Current Status of the Connected Vehicle Environment

• Introduce standards and research activities underway
• Provide key schedule milestones for the connected vehicle environment
• List resources for further reading and information
• Note: as of March 2015

 

Slide 91:

Learning Objective #5

Introduce Standards and Research Activities Underway

Review

• Introduced what the connected vehicle environment and V2V environment are and what benefits they bring
• Described the V2V environment and identified potential applications
• Identified the standards that support the V2V environment
• Described some of the challenges to deploying the V2V environment

 

Slide 92:

Learning Objective #5

Introduce Standards and Research Activities Underway

IEEE 802.11-2012

• 802.11RevMc scheduled for review and comment in March 2016
  • Assess potential changes needed for alignment to any NHTSA proposed rulemaking

 

Slide 93:

Learning Objective #5

Introduce Standards and Research Activities Underway

IEEE 1609 Family

• P1609.2 - Converting to use ASN.1 for next revision (2015)
• P1609.3 - Miscellaneous Corrections (2015)
• P1609.11 - Plan revisions if needed following publication of referenced ISO standards revisions
• P1609.12 - May consider revision before 4Q2015 - essential for operation of DSRC radio system

 

Slide 94:

Learning Objective #5

Introduce Standards and Research Activities Underway

SAE DSRC Technical Committee

• Acceleration of standards to support NHTSA V2V Rulemaking Activities
  • Possible reconsideration of BSM elements
• SAE J2735
  • Support for other modes/stakeholders
    • Emergency vehicles - stemming from emerging message set requirements based on research
    • Heavy duty truck - inclusion of trailers in BSM
• SAE J2945
  • Application of systems engineering content
  • J2945/1 - Minimum performance requirements for V2V as a result of CAMP's work
  • J2945/2 - Systems engineering content and other requirements to enable interoperability for V2V safety awareness
  • Other J2945/n as efforts warrant

 

Slide 95:

Learning Objective #5

Introduce Standards and Research Activities Underway

Security Credential Management System (SCMS)

• October 2014, NHTSA released a Request For Information seeking information related to the security system to support V2V operations
  • Noted that the security system will not be established by NHTSA regulation
  • Envision a V2V SCMS to support trusted, safe/secure V2V communications and to protect driver privacy appropriately
  • A SCMS Manager for managing Certificate Management Entities (CME)
• Designed to protect the security and privacy of data exchanges in the CV environment
• Will reference IEEE 1609.2

 

Slide 96:

Learning Objective #5

Introduce Standards and Research Activities Underway

Certification Testing

• USDOT released a Request For Applications (RFA) in June 2014 to establish a certification environment for connected vehicle devices and applications
  • Intent to enter a cooperative agreement with one or more existing facilities to conduct qualification and certification testing for connected devices
• Proposed device and application certification that includes:
  • Environmental Capabilities (e.g., temperature, vibration, weather);
  • Communication Protocol Capabilities (e.g., DSRC interoperability);
  • Interface Abilities (e.g., message syntax and content)
  • Overall Application Abilities (i.e., verifies the system level function)
  • SCMS

Source: US Department of Transportation

 

Slide 97:

Learning Objective #5

Introduce Standards and Research Activities Underway

Connected Vehicles Research

• Southeast Michigan Test Bed. Real-world, operational conditions to test applications, services and components using the latest standards and architecture
• CAMP (Collision Avoidance Metrics Partnership)
  • Developing minimum performance requirements based on careful analysis as input to SAE J2945/1 and SAE J2735
  • Quantifying and providing technical approaches for congestion control methods as inputs to SAE J2945/1
  • Defining security system as inputs to IEEE 1609.2
• USDOT Connected Vehicle PlugFests. Events where devices can be tested for interoperability using standards
• http://www.its.dot.gov/connected vehicle/connected vehicle.htm

 

Slide 98:

Learning Objective #5

Provide Key Schedule Milestones for the Connected Vehicle Environment

NHTSA

• February 3rd, 2014 - Decision to move forward with V2V communications for light vehicles
• August 18, 2014 - USDOT issues Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking to Begin Implementation of Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications Technology
• Decision on heavy vehicles was expected by the end of 2014
• Sent letters to IEEE and SAE asking that these standards be updated and mature by the end of 2015 for deployment purposes

 

Slide 99:

Learning Objective #5

List Resources for Further Reading and Information

Connected Vehicle Reference Implementation Architecture (CVRIA)

• A reference framework that spans all ITS standards activities and provides a means of detecting gaps, overlaps and inconsistencies between the standards
• Can be used as a resource for planning or deployment
  • Includes an application list, which will include emerging application requirements and standards to be considered for deployment for each application
• Will be migrated to the next major revision of the US National ITS Architecture

 

Slide 100:

Learning Objective #5

List Resources for Further Reading and Information

ITS Standards

• ASTM E2213 - 03 (2010) - Standard Specification for Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between Roadside and Vehicle Systems - 5 GHz Band Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, ASTM, http://www.astm.org/Standards/E2213.htm
• IEEE 802.11-2012 - IEEE Standard for Information technology -Telecommunications and information exchange between systems. Local and metropolitan area networks - Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, IEEE, https://standards.ieee.org/standard/802_11-2012.html
• IEEE 1609 Family of Standards for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE), IEEE, http://standards.ieee.org/develop/wg/1609 WG.html

 

Slide 101:

Learning Objective #5

List Resources for Further Reading and Information (cont.)

ITS Standards

• SAE J2735_2014 - Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) Message Set Dictionary, SAE, http://standards.sae.org/wip/j2735/, http://www.sae.org/standardsdev/dsrc/, http://standards.sae.org/j2735 200911/
• SAE J2945 - Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) Minimum Performance Requirements (Work in Progress), SAE, http://standards.sae.org/wip/j2945/
• SAE J3067 - Candidate Improvements to Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) Message Set Dictionary [SAE J2735] Using Systems Engineering Methods, SAE, http://standards.sae.org/j3067 201408/
• See Student Supplement for additional resources

 

Slide 102:

 

Slide 103:

Learning Objective #5

Which of the following is not a current connected vehicle activity?

Answer Choices

1. Revising ITS standards based on lessons learned
2. USDOT will be operating new certification laboratories for connected devices
3. Developing a security system to authenticate messages
4. Revising the CVRIA for emerging application requirements

 

Slide 104:

Learning Objective #5

Review of Answers

a) Revising ITS standards based on lessons learned
Incorrect. The standards are currently being revised based on lessons learned.

b) USDOT will be operating new certification laboratories for connected devices
Correct! USDOT plans to develop a cooperative agreement with one or more existing facilities to conduct certification testing for connected devices.

c) Developing a security system to authenticate messages
Incorrect. USDOT is seeking to establish a SCMS manager and certificate management entities.

d) Revising the CVRIA for emerging application requirements
Incorrect. The CVRIA is a living document and will be revised to include emerging application requirements.

 

Slide 105:

Summary of Learning Objective #5

Describe the Current Status of the Connected Vehicle Environment

• Introduce standards and research activities underway
• Provide key schedule milestones for the connected vehicle environment
• List resources for further reading and information

 

Slide 106:

What We Have Learned

1)The connected vehicle environment involves a vehicle wirelessly broadcasting data about itself.

2)The V2V environment consists of on-board units broadcasting information to support:

1. safety applications
2. mobility applications
3. and environmental applications

 

Slide 107:

What We Have Learned

3) Connected vehicle standards are critical to support interoperability .

4) Some of the institutional issues are:

1. security
2. privacy
3. and data ownership

5) Standards maintenance is continuing to include new requirements and to incorporate lessons learned.

 

Slide 108: