Module 38 - I262

I262: Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) ITS Standards for Project Managers

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I262: Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) ITS Standards for Project Managers

 

Table of Contents

Introduction/Purpose - 2

Reference to Other Standards - 2

Glossary - 4

abbrs - 5

References - 7

Study Questions - 8

 

Module Description

This module is an introduction to the connected vehicle environment, with a focus on a standards-based vehicle-to-vehicle communications. I101, Using ITS Standards - An Overview, is a recommended prerequisite for participants. A companion module is I261, Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) ITS Standards for Project Managers, which focuses on standards-based vehicle-to-infrastructure communications.

 

1. Introduction/Purpose

The connected vehicle environment has the potential to transform surface transportation systems such that vehicular crashes are significantly reduced, operators of the surface transportation systems have access to more accurate system performance data, travelers have access to specific traveler information, and allow the surface transportation systems to be optimized to minimize environmental impacts.

This module provides an introduction to the connected vehicle environment, a description of the vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) environment, and its potential benefits to the operators of surface transportation systems. The module presents several V2V safety, mobility and environmental applications and discusses how these applications impact surface transportation operations. It also reviews the types of information that may be exchanged between the connected devices that make up the V2V environment.

The module then presents the ITS Standards that help support the deployment of the V2V environment and V2V applications. The module also introduces some of the challenges to implementing the V2V environment and how surface transportation systems can support the V2V environment.

It is essential that agencies use standards in deploying connected vehicle technologies to maximize the benefits from the connected vehicle environment. By taking this module, participants will learn what connected vehicle standards exist, where to find the standards, and how to use the connected vehicle standards to procure, implement and operate standards-based devices and equipment. Deploying these connected vehicle standards will support interoperability, minimize future integration costs, make procurements easier, and facilitate regional and national integration.

 

2. Reference to Other Standards

USDOT

ASTM

IEEE

SAE

 

3. Glossary

Term Definition
Aftermarket Safety Device (ASD) A connected device in a vehicle that operates while the vehicle is mobile, but which is not connected to the data bus of the vehicle.
Application A piece of software that processes inputs for a specific use or purpose
Basic Safety Message (BSM) The core data set transmitted by the connected vehicle (vehicle size, position, speed, heading acceleration, brake system status) and transmitted approximately 10x per second. A secondary set is available depending upon events (e.g., ABS activated) and contains a variable set of data elements drawn from many optional data elements (availability by vehicle model varies). This would be transmitted less frequently. The BSM is tailored for low latency, localized broadcast required by V2V safety applications but can be used with many other types of applications.
Connected Device Any device used to transmit to or receive messages from another device. A connected device can be sub-categorized as an OBE, ASD, VAD, or RSE. In many cases the connected device will be a DSRC device, but other types of communications can and are expected to be supported.
Connected Vehicle (CV) A vehicle containing an OBU or ASD. Note that vehicles may alternatively include a Vehicle Awareness Device (VAD), which transmits the BSM but does not received broadcasts from other devices and cannot directly support vehicle-based applications.
Connected Vehicle Reference Implementation Architecture (CVRIA) A set of system architecture views that describe the functions, physical and logical interfaces, enterprise/institutional relationships, and communications protocol dependencies within the connected vehicle environment. The CVRIA defines functionality and information exchanges needed to provide connected vehicle applications.
Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) The use of non-voice radio techniques to transfer data over short distances between roadside and mobile radio units, between mobile units, and between portable and mobile units to perform operations related to the improvement of traffic flow, traffic safety and other intelligent transportation service applications in a variety of public and commercial environments. [FCC, Dedicated Short Range Communications of Intelligent Transportation Services - Final Rule, FR Doc No: 99-30591] A technology for the transmission of information between multiple vehicles (V2V) and between vehicles and the transportation infrastructure (V2I) using wireless technologies.
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) Systems that apply data processing and data communications to surface transportation, to increase safety and efficiency. ITS systems will often integrate components and users from many domains, both public and private.
Interoperability The ability of two or more systems or components to exchange information and to use the information that has been exchanged. The dependence of the CV Environment on successful exchange of data between independent components results in a requirement that all V2I deployments.
Latency A measure of time delay experienced in a system, the precise definition of which depends on the system and the time being measured. For a data element in this context, latency is the time difference between the time that data value is acquired by the source and the time the message is transmitted.
On-Board Equipment (OBE) This term refers to the complement of equipment located in the vehicle for the purpose of supporting the vehicle side of the applications. It is likely to include the DSRC radios, other radio equipment, message processing, driver interface, and other applications to support the use cases described herein. It is also referred to as the Vehicle ITS Station. When referring to the DSRC radio alone, the correct term is OBU (see below).
On-Board Unit (OBU) A vehicle mounted device used to transmit and receive a variety of message traffic to and from other connected devices (other OBUs and RSUs). Among the message types and applications supported by this device are vehicle safety messages, a primary subject of this standard, used to exchange information on each vehicle's dynamic movements for coordination and safety.
Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) An original equipment manufacturer refers to the entity that originally manufactures and item that may be branded and sold by others. In the Connected Vehicle Environment, it is commonly used to refer to automobile manufacturers.
Security Certificate Management System (SCMS) A public key infrastructure approach to security involving the management of digital certificates that are used to sign and authenticate messages among legitimate but unknown vehicles and/or equipment and/or other points of connection.
Vehicle A self-propelled transport device, along with any attachments (e.g., trailers), that is a legal user of the transportation network.
V2V Short for vehicle-to-vehicle communications: a system designed to transmit basic safety information between vehicles to facilitate warnings to drivers concerning impending crashes.
WAVE Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments. A WAVE system is a radio communications system intended to provide seamless, interoperable services to transportation.

 

4. abbrs

AACNR - Advanced Automatic Crash Notification Relay

AASHTO - American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

ANPRM - Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

ASD - Aftermarket Safety Devices

ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials

BSM - Basic Safety Message

BSW - Blind Spot Warning

CACC - Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control

CAMP - Collision Avoidance Metrics Partnership

CLW - Control Loss Warning

CME - Certificate Management Entities

CSR - Common Safety Request

CVRIA - Connected Vehicles Reference Implementation Architecture

DNPW - Do Not Pass Warning

DSRC - Dedicated Short Range Communications

Eco-CACC - Eco-Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control

EEBL - Emergency Electronic Brake Light

EVA - Emergency Vehicle Alert

FCC - Federal Communications Commission

FCW - Forward Collision Warning

GPS - Global Positioning System

ICA - Intersection Collision Avoidance

IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

IMA - Intersection Movement Assist

ISD - Integrated Safety Devices

ISO - International Standards Organization

ITE - Institute of Transportation Engineers

ITS - Intelligent Transportation Systems

JPO - Joint Program Office

LCW - Lane Change Warning

MAC - Medium Access Control

NEMA - National Electrical Manufacturers Association

NHTSA - National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

NMEA - National Marine Electronics Association

NPRM - Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

NTCIP - National Transportation Communications for ITS Protocol

OBE - On-Board Equipment

OBU - On-Board Units

PCA - Pre-Crash Actions

PHY - PHYsical layer

PSID - Provider Service IDentifier

Q-WARN - Queue Warning

RFA - Request for Applications

RSD - Retrofit Safety Devices

RSE - RoadSide Equipment

RSU - RoadSide Unit

RTCM - Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services

SA - Situational Awareness

SAE - Society of Automotive Engineers

SCMS - Security Credential Management System

SDO - Standards Development Organization

SPaT - Signal Phase and Timing

SRM - Signal Request Message

SSM - Signal Status Message

TA - Tailgating Advisory

TIM - Traveler Information Message

USDOT - United States Department of Transportation

VAD - Vehicle Awareness Device

VER - Vehicle Emergency Response

VTRFTV - Vehicle Turning Right in Front of a Transit Vehicle

WAVE - Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments

WSMP - WAVE Short Message Protocol

V2I - Vehicle-to-Infrastructure V2P Vehicle-to-Pedestrian

V2V - Vehicle-to-Vehicle

VIN - Vehicle Identification Number

 

5. References

Connected Vehicle Basics

Federal Register and Requests

Deployment

 

6. Study Questions

1. Which of the following is NOT a primary benefit in the connected vehicle environment according to USDOT?

  1. Safety
  2. Mobility
  3. Environment
  4. Entertainment experience

2. Which of the following is not a component of the V2V environment?

  1. Vehicle powertrain
  2. Safety application electronic control unit
  3. GNSS (GPS) receiver
  4. Memory for security certificates or application data

3. Which is NOT a benefit of using ITS Standards?

  1. Supports interoperability
  2. Eliminates institutional issues
  3. Makes testing easier
  4. Makes procurements easier

4. Which of the following is a data standard?

  1. IEEE 802.11-2012
  2. IEEE 1609.x Family of Standards
  3. SAE J2735
  4. USDOT FHWA Vehicle Awareness Device Specification

5. What is a current challenge to deploying connected vehicles?

  1. Security
  2. Privacy
  3. Evolving standards
  4. All of the above

6. Which of the following is not a current connected vehicle activity

  1. Revising ITS standards based on lessons learned
  2. USDOT will be operating new certification laboratories for connected devices
  3. Developing a security system to authenticate messages
  4. Revising the CVRIA for emerging application requirements